Journal of International Economics, Finance and Trade

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THE IMPACT OF EXPECTATIONS IN MONETARY POLICIES

Ayşenur Yaman — 2024-12-31

In an economy, the consumption preferences, pricing, production, and investment decisions of consumers, firms, and investors are influenced by their expectations about the future of the market. This study investigates the theoretical foundation of the impact of market expectations on economic policies. The decision-making processes of consumers, firms, and investors are significantly affected by market expectations. When these decisions align with policies set by economic policymakers, anticipated policy changes tend to be factored in advance, thus avoiding any shock effects in the market. Conversely, if there is inconsistency between these expectations and the implemented policies, fluctuations in the market may arise. This study explores the fundamental aspects of the "adaptive expectations" and "rational expectations" theories to emphasize the importance of market expectations. According to the adaptive expectations theory, individuals base their predictions about the future of the economy on historical data and gradually adjust these predictions. In contrast, the rational expectations theory assumes that market participants use all available information to make accurate predictions, with potential errors being random and corrected over time. After these theories are examined, a literature review was conducted on studies indexed in the Web of Science database related to adaptive and rational expectations theories, using bibliometric analysis. The findings indicate that these theories are frequently referenced, particularly in developed countries, during periods of economic fluctuations. In this regard, the study prepared using the qualitative research method provides important theoretical frameworks that should be considered in future research.

Sustainability and Circular Economy in ICT Products: Horizontal Policies and Marketing Approaches

Şehnaz SAKICI — 2024-12-31

The European Commission’s transition towards a circular economy focuses on waste reduction, increased efficiency, and a shift to a low-carbon economy. Horizontal policies supporting these aims encourage the integration of sector-specific policies across various industries, making it crucial for the private sector and decision-makers to understand these integration processes and gaps. This study examines the environmental impacts of ICT products within sustainable product policies, guided by the European Environmental Bureau’s report, “Information and Communication Technologies (ICT): A Horizontal Priority in Sustainable Product Policy.” The study highlights that the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) insufficiently addresses financial and CO2 savings in ICT product design processes, pointing to the need for targeted marketing strategies to improve the environmental sustainability of these products. Evaluating the report from the circular economy and marketing perspectives, the study emphasizes the importance of consumer awareness strategies and prioritizing product groups that support a sustainable product lifecycle. In its second phase, the study identifies gaps and potential research areas related to circular economy and ecodesign for sustainable products using bibliometric analysis. It recommends including B2B marketing, ESPR, and ecodesign plans in policy documents, emphasizing the need for expanded research on ICT product diversity in the B2B sector.

An Application on Determining the Criteria for Selecting a Cloud Computing Service Provider

Orhan ECEMİŞ — 2024-12-31

It is important to determine the strategies in the information policies implemented by businesses. In today's world, it is necessary to increase the level of competitiveness of enterprises by effectively determining strategies for cloud computing services. The corporate applications offered by cloud computing service providers are evaluated according to criteria such as network architecture, storage, end-user services, security models and pricing. The lack of a full understanding of the diversity and differences in the services offered by cloud computing service providers confronts users of cloud services with the problem of choosing the best cloud service provider. In this study, an application for selecting a cloud computing platform has been made. In the application, the fuzzy Pythagorean entropy method was used to weight the criteria for determining the strategy for cloud computing platforms of an enterprise operating in Gaziantep province.

The Impact of Trade Policy Uncertainty on International Trade: An Empirical Investigation on Turkey's Exports

Rüya KAPLAN YILDIRIM — 2024-12-31

In recent years, increasing trade liberalisation and international competition have accelerated economic integration and foreign trade volume, especially in developing countries. The export-oriented policies adopted by Turkey after 1980 enabled the country to become an industrial exporter, and free market economy practices contributed to economic growth by increasing export volume and global integration. However, uncertainties in international trade policies lead to contraction in economic activity and affect investments and exchange rate volatility in developing countries such as Turkey. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of US Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU), Turkey's annual Credit Risk Premium (CDS) data, which is one of the macroeconomic variables affecting international trade and financial system, and Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) on the change in the amount of exports, which is one of the main international trade indicators of Turkey. For this purpose, monthly data covering the period 01.01.2013 - 31.05.2024 are included in the analysis and it is seen that the RERC affects Turkey's total exports both in the long run and in the short run, while the CDS has a significant effect on exports only in the long run. There is no significant relationship between Turkey's exports and the US TPU.

Traffic Traffic Accident Investigation by Province

Ilker Ibrahim AVSAR — 2024-12-31

Traffic accidents are a significant social issue globally and in Türkiye. Many projects are underway to prevent traffic accidents. However, reducing the number of accidents and the negative consequences such as fatalities is a difficult process. At a national level, traffic accidents pose risks to public health and the economy. Therefore, conducting research on traffic accidents is essential to combat them effectively. Such studies can provide valuable insights for managers to plan more accurately. This study contributes to the existing literature on traffic accidents through the use of the clustering method. The research examines the ranking of Türkiye's provinces in terms of the frequency of traffic accidents, the number of traffic accident fatalities, and the number of traffic accident injuries. This analysis allows for a comparison and contrast of the provinces. The insights gained from this analysis are valuable for understanding the provincial perspective on traffic accidents and can offer valuable input for policymakers. The provinces are divided into two clusters. The study shows the differentiation between the provinces in 2013 and 2023 in the context of 2 clusters. Upon analyzing the cluster components in 2013 and 2023, it is evident that some provinces have shifted from one cluster to the other. The provinces moving to the opposite cluster include Edirne, Yozgat, Tokat, Sivas, Hatay, and Kahramanmaraş. Another group, consisting of Kütahya, Bartın, and Sakarya, also moved to the opposite cluster. An analysis of the increase in the number of accidents, deaths and injuries between 2013 and 2023 shows that the second group is in a better position than the first.